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Part B

S. England: rain in the morning, rain in the afternoon, cold and windy in the evening.

C. England: dry and cloudy in the morning, rain in the afternoon, cold and windy in the evening.

East Anglia: dry, bright and sunny in the morning and afternoon, cold and foggy in the evening.

Wales: dry in the morning and afternoon, rain or drizzle in the evening.

N. England: cold, windy, bright spells in the morning and afternoon, cloudy with snow over high ground and some fog in the evening.

N. Ireland: cloudy, rain and cold all day.

S. Scotland: bright and cold in the morning, cloudy, rain and snow over high ground in the afternoon, clear and frosty in the evening.

C. Scotland: frosty, dry and sunny in the morning and afternoon, clear and frosty in the evening.

N. Scotland: frosty, dry and sunny in the morning, wintry showers in the afternoon, clear and frosty in the evening.

Part C

11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B

16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. B

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Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

You will hear a conversation. Listen to it and fill out the table with the information you¡¯ve given to you in the table. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

Getting to know the campus

(¡®F¡¯ stands for fresher, ¡®S¡¯ stands for 3^rd year student)

F: Erm, excuse me, erm, do you know the university well?

S: Well, I should do, this is my third year!

F£ºOh, oh good. Well, I wonder if you could tell me how to get to the Lower Exam Hall, please?

S: Erm, yes, that¡¯s under the Great Hall. You¡¯re going there to register, are¡¯t you?

F: Mmm, look I¡¯ve get the checklist here.

S: Oh, yes, and a plan too. Erm, look, you continue up this road, Streatham Drive. Uhuh Next right into Queen¡¯s Drive and the Lower Exam Hall is under the Great Hall, sort of behind Devonshire House, almost at the top of the hill on your right.

F: Devonshire House? Oh, yes I see. I¡¯ve got to go there for something too I think.

S: Yeah, erm, it¡¯s Guild cards and things, but you¡¯ve get to register first. If I were you I¡¯d go through Devonshire House to get to the Lower Exam Hall then you¡¯ll see where to come back to.

F: Right. OK. Then I want the library and the bank.

S: Oh, that¡¯s quite easy. Erm, come back out to the main entrance of Devonshire House----you¡¯ll pass the Guild office for you Guild card and Ram Bar---- doubt if it¡¯ll be open then though! Erm, follow the path round the next building you seee in front of you to your left, and then the library¡¯s on your right and the bank and shops are on your left.

F: Right, I¡¯ve got that. I suppose I ought to register with the erm, doctor then, while I¡¯m at it.

S: What, at the Student Health Centre?

F: Yeah, that seems simplest.

S: Mmm. Yes, she¡¯s really good, the one I see. Well, carry on past the shops till you get to Stocker Road, turn left, go up the hill past the Northcott Theatre on your left (Right) ----they do some good things there----erm¡­ don¡¯t take the next turning left, which is Queen¡¯s Drive, but carry on round to Mardon Hill, go down Mardon Hill a little way and Reed Mews, where the Health Centre is, is one your left.

F: Great! Thanks a lot. I think that¡¯s about it. Oh, I wanted to visit an old school friend who¡¯s in La Frowda Flats. Is that far from Reed Mews?

S: The other side of the campus! Oh no! But it¡¯s, erm, just next to Cornwall House and the Ewe Br if that¡¯s any consolation. From Reed Mews you could either go back the way you¡¯ve come----erm, but right to the bottom of Stocker Road, and La Rrowda Flats and Cornwall House are on your left. Or, if you fancy the scenic route¡­

F: Yes, I¡¯d like to see what there is to see!

S: Well, you could go round to the front of Reed Hall, that¡¯s next to Reed Mews, and wander through the gardens, they¡¯re quite something---- and back onto Queen¡¯s Drive, then almost straight over, well, sort of right then left, and carry on through the gardens which go behind the Hatherley Labs until you reach the other end of Prince of Wales Road. Then you turn left along it, round the bend, and Cornwall House is on your left. You can get to La Frowda thorough there.

F: Right. Great. Thank goodness I¡¯ve got a map!

S: Oh, you¡¯ll get used to it soon enough. I¡¯ll be in the Ewe myself later on. Might see you there. Good luck!

F: Right, yes. Thanks.

Part B

Directions:

You will hear a radio weather forecast. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the question below.

The weather forecast

The time is now five minutes to nine on this Tuesday morning, and now over to John Halls at the London Weather Centre.

Good morning, and here¡¯s the weather forecast, first for England and Wales. It¡¯s raining over much of Southern England ant the moment and the rain will also spread in Central England during the afternoon, where at the moment it¡¯s dry but cloudy. In both areas the rain should have died out by this evening. But it will be rather cold and windy.

East Anglia looks as though it will have the best of the weather today---- dry, bright and sunny most of the day, though by this evening it will have turned colder and there¡¯ll be fog in places as well.

Wales will be dry for most of the day, but there¡¯ll be occasional rain or drizzle this evening.

In the North of England, the day will start off cold and windy, with bright spells. This will continue during the afternoon, but in the evening the wind will drop, cloudy weather will set in, and there¡¯ll be snow over high ground, and some fog too.

Temperatures in England and Wales will range from 8 Celsius in the North to 11 Celsius in the brighter parts of the South.

Northern Ireland will have cloud and a little rain at times throughout the day and evening, and it¡¯ll be rather cold---- 8 Celsius with light to moderate north easterly winds.

Southern Scotland is starting bright and cold, but it will cloud over during the afternoon and there¡¯ll be some outbreaks of rain. And here too there may be snow over the hills.

Central and Northern Scotland are starting frosty with icy patches on the roads. But here you should see a good deal of dry sunny weather, though there¡¯ll be wintery showers in the north during the afternoon. Temperatures will range from 5 to 7 Celsius, winds mostly light and variable in direction. By this evening the whole of Scotland should be clear and frosty.

And with that look at the weather this morning, this is John Halls at the London Weather Centre, handing you back to the studio.

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, D. after listening, you will have time to check you answers. You will hear each piece once only.

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

Americans have always had opposing feelings toward the out-of-doors. The earliest settlers viewed the uncultivated field as a kind of wild beast that had to be beaten back and tamed. Today we read with terror reports of bear attacks, snakebites, violent weather and natural disasters we still fear the forces of nature. I think that much of our fear is misplaced. As a sportsman for more than 30 years ad survivor of some awful accidents, it is not the wild world I fear, but rather my own foolish mistakes.

One of my first lessons occurred on the Delaware River when I was a boy. My companions and I were fishing on a sunny May day from a little boat. While the boat was drifting along the treelined bank, we all grasped out rods and concentrated on the fish rather than on where the boat was going. Suddenly a tree limb appeared at chest level. Foolishly, the three of us held out our hands and seized it. The current swept the boat out from under us, leaving us hanging on the limb, neck-deep in icy water. I can still remember how frighteningly powerful the water was---- how it pulled and tore at us, trying to break our hold on that tree.

We make it to shore, moving our hands along he limb. When we found the boat, it was wrapped around a rock.

Questions 11-13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. What¡¯s the speaker by profession?

12. When were they fishing in a little boat?

13. How did they feel when they were in the water?

Passage two

Doctors tell us not to smoke; but a lot of people smoke tobacco every day. Long ago, no one in Europe smoked; the tobacco plant was unknown there. It grew in America, and Christopher Columbus found it in that continent. Later, he returned to Europe and told everyone about tobacco. He said that the American Indians often smoked it.

One way of smoking was this. The American Indians threw some tobacco leaves on a fire. Then they put long tubes in their mouths. The other ends of the tubes were over the fire; so they were able to draw the smoke into their mouths.

About the year 1560 a Frenchman, Jean Nicot, was living in Lisbon, Portugal. He was very interested in all American plants; some of them were very different from the plants of Europe. He and other men too used the leaves of tobacco plant to cure pain. Perhaps a man had a bad pain in a leg or an arm. Nicot put tobacco leaves on the painful place, and tried to cure the pain in that way. We say now that tobacco contains nicotine. The word nicotine comes fro m this man¡¯s name. Nicotine is a poison, which is harmful to men¡¯s health, so smoking is a bad habit.

Questions 14-16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14. What happened after Columbus returned to Europe from America?

15. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

16. Why was Nicot interested in tobacco?

Passage three

Christopher Columbus was first and foremost a sailor. He was born and brought up in Genoa, one of the oldest European harbors. As a youth he made several voyages in the Mediterranean, where the greatest mariners of ancient times were bred. At the age of twenty-four, by a lucky chance, he was thrown in to Lisbon, center of European oceanic enterprise. He was employed partly in making charts and partly on long voyages under the Portuguese flag. It was then that he conceived his great enterprise. His idea was to reach Eastern Asia by sailing west. It took about ten years to obtain support for this plan, and he never did execute it because a vast continent stood in the way. America was discovered by Columbus purely by accident and was named for another man. In all, Columbus made four voyages to the New World. But none of them turned out the way he wished. Columbus died in 1506, and was judged a failure. We now honor Columbus for doing something that never intended to do and never knew that he had done. Yet we are right in so honoring him for he had the persistence, the knowledge, and the sheer nerve to sail thousands of miles into an unknown ocean to make the most striking and most far-reaching geographical discovery in recorded human history.

Questions 17-20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

17. Why did Columbus go to Lisbon?

18. According to the passage, what can we regard the discovery of America as?

19. What was the idea which Columbus advanced but never proved?

20. Which of the following statements is true?

-end-

test 2 ´ð°¸

Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Part B

1.T 2.T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8.F

Part C

11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A

16. A 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. C

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Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

You will hear a weather forecast. Listen to it and fill out the table with the information you¡¯ve given to you in the table. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

It¡¯s a pleasant 73 degrees here. For those of you traveling tomorrow, here is a quick look at the weather for cities around the world. In Amsterdam, it should be clear tomorrow with a high of 82 and a low of 70. Athens is also expected to be clear with a high of 80 and a low of 70. Bangkok will be cloudy with a high of 90 and a low of 75. We also expect Beijing to be cloudy with a high of 96 and a low of 64. In Bogot¨¢ you¡¯ll need your raincoats with rain expected and a high of only 56. At night the temperature will go down to 48. It will also rain in Cairo but much warmer with a high of 93 and a low of 73. Dublin will be cloudy, as it often is at this time of the year, with a high of 75 and a low of 55. Istanbul will be clear with a high of 86 and a low of 70 while in Moscow the weather will be cloudy and ion the cool side with temperatures only reaching a high of 66 and going down to 48 at night. If you don¡¯t want hot weather, stay away from New Delhi, where the temperature is expected to reach a high of 112 under cloudy skies and go down to a not very comfortable low of 80. For a beautiful day go to Warsaw where the skies will be clear and the temperature a pleasant 79 degrees going down to 59 in the evening. And that¡¯s it for weather around the world.

Part B

Directions:

You will hear a radio weather forecast. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the question below.

Good morning. Here¡¯s the forecast for the whole country until dawn tomorrow. The south of the country today will remain rather changeable with a possibility of scattered showers from time to time and even thunder-storms in some places, especially in the south-east. This thundery weather may well spread westwards towards evening. Some parts, particularly in the south-west may escape the rain altogether and here it should be quite warm but probably not many breaks in the cloud, I¡¯m afraid, so not much chance of sunshine anywhere in the south. In the north, a little better with only the odd shower here and there but generally a fairly dry day with temperatures up to 23 degrees Centigrade. Towards evening any cloud there is about should clear and most parts of the north should have a sunny evening and a clear night with temperatures dropping to near freezing in exposed spots. Tonight it should stay much the same in the south, still some quite heavy showers in places and thunder-storms in the south-east, but as I said many parts may escape this rain altogether. Temperatures in the south during the day round about average for the time of year, that¡¯s about 20 degrees Centigrade and remaining fairly mild during the night, dropping to around 15 degrees in the early hours of the morning. Finally the outlook for tomorrow: little change in the south but continuing brighter in the north with prolonged sunshine---- the only exception to this may be along west facing coasts where there may be some low cloud or sea mists. Well, that¡¯s it from me, have a nice day. And back to Brian in the studio.

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, D. after listening, you will have time to check you answers. You will hear each piece once only.

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

We have just climbed out of a spaceship onto the surface of the moon. Behind us is the ship, half in the sunlight and half in deep shadow. A few miles ahead is a wall of mountains towering against the black sky. And there, as though resting on the mountains, is a great ball of light, beautifully colored in blue and green and brown with a patch of dazzling white at the top. It is our own faraway world ---- the earth.

We take a step and rise like prize jumpers ----up, float, and down again. Hopping carefully, we explore the valleys, the sloping crater walls, the shadowy crater floors.

Not a sound can be heard ---- there is no air to carry sound, no wind; there are no smells, no plants, no animals. There is nothing but rock and dust, blinding sunlight and cold black shadows.

Questions 11-14 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. Where is the speaker when he gives the talk?

12. What is the ball above the mountains?

13. What will a man do to get around on the moon?

14. Why is the moon a silent world?

Passage two

Stanley Fields, the man who wrote ¡°Sad, Sad Cowboy¡±, which won this year¡¯s Philip¡¯s Award as the best song of the year, might have had a very different career if his parents had had their way.

In a private interview, Fields said, ¡°When I was a kid, my father always told me I should put down my guitar and do my homework. He wanted me to go to college and become a teacher as he and his brother were.¡±

Fields explained that he made a great effort to please his father, but often the urge became too great and he would quietly go off to a farm behind his house and play his guitar and make up songs.

¡°I made it to Stanton College¡± he laughed, ¡°but I majored in accounting instead of teaching. And to pay my own way, I played the guitar and sang at a local nightclub.¡±

While Fields was still in his senior year, an executive of a record company came into the club as he was singing one of his own songs. The executive liked what he heard and signed the young man to a contract.

Since graduating from Stanton College in 1973, Fields has devoted his full time to composing and singing. ¡°My Heartache¡± a song he wrote while in college, reached number seventeen in the top twenty song hits of 1974 and in 1977 his song, ¡°Rambling¡±, was the theme song for the movie of the same name.

Questions 14-16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

15. What did Fields do in order to please his father?

15. When did Fields begin composing songs?

17. What made Fields more famous?

Passage three

Sometimes we cry because we are sad and sometimes because we are extremely happy. An irritant, such as onion smell or grain of sand in the eye, can also make us cry. In this case tears perform an obvious role in getting rd of substances that might harm the delicate surface of the eye.

Dr. William Frey of the Dry Eye and Tear Research Center at St. Paul in Minnesota, USA, believes that tears from emotional causes may perform a similar role. He thinks that crying could get rid of emotional stress by washing away a chemical in the blood caused by strong emotions. To prove his theory, he hopes first to identify this chemical and then see if it is found in tears of sadness or happiness.

So far, Dr. Frey has failed to distinguish between emotional tears and tears caused by an irritant in the eye. This may be because these substance themselves cause a degree of stress and emotion. What he has identified in all ears is a variety of biochemicals which are one of the causes of stress. A more detailed study may help us understand why sufferers from stress-related disorders cry less often than healthy people. Dr. Frey is also interested to see if there are any physiological explanation for why women, in general, cry five times more often than men, on average.

Questions 17-20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

18. What is the main purpose of Dr. Frey¡¯s study of tears?

19.Which of the following is not true according to what you have just heard?

20. What can be inferred from the passage you have just heard?

-end-

test 3 ´ð°¸

Section I listening comprehension

Part A

1.C 2. B 3.D 4.A

Part B

1. drums and gongs

2. to bring the good luck inside

3. yes.

4. no.

Part C

11. D 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. B

16. C 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A

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Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

No Santa Claus?

A VOA listener in Ho Chi Minch City, Vietnam asks if American children believe in Santa Claus.

History experts say Clement Moore was the first to describe Santa Claus in his famous poem A visit from St. Nicholas, and in the 1860¡¯s artist Thomas Nast drew a picture of Santa Claus for a newspaper. He drew a man with a long white beard, wearing red clothes. Through the years the poem and picture helped children accept the idea of Santa Claus.

But as children grow older, they wonder. In 1897 one child wrote to a NEW York newspaper with her question. A newspaper official answered her letter in the paper. It has become almost as famous as Moore¡¯s poem. The little girl wrote:

I am eight years old. Some of my friends say there is no Santa Claus. Please tell me the truth. Is there a Santa Claus?

Virginia Ohighman

The newspaper official told Virginia her friends were wrong. Here is part of his answer:

Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love exists. Not believe in Santa Claus? You might get your poppa to hire a man to watch in all the chimneys on Christmas Eve to catch Santa Claus. But even if you did not see Santa Claus coming down, what would that prove? Nobody sees Santa Claus but that is no sigh there is no Santa Claus. The most real things in the world are those that neither children nor man can see. No Santa Claus? Thank God. He lives and lives forever.

American children today question the idea of Santa Claus as they grow older. But those who are young do believe.

They even write letters to Santa. The United States postal service says post offices throughout the country receive about 500,000 letters for Santa each year. Members of community groups read the letters. They try to help, get the children what they want. Post office officials say children writing to Santa often do not ask for things for themselves. They ask for things to help their parents and other members of their family, things like clothes, or shoes, or job.

One child this year asks Santa Claus for a car so that her mother could get to work.

Part B

Directions:

You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the question below.

Chinese in the U.S. Welcome Year of Dragon

NOW YORK---- The streets of Chinatown filled with drums and gongs on Saturday as dancing dragons snaked through streets crowded with thousands of revelers celebrating the start of the Year of the Dragon

¡°This year is the one of prosperity for everyone in America, not just the Asian community. I think people have very high hopes for the coming year,¡± said Eddie Ng, 72. The Year of the Dragon is a symbol of authority, courage and good fortune. The Year of the Dragon is celebrated every 12 years.

Along East Broadway, dancing dragon groups stopped at the doorway of every building. ¡° The go into the buildings to bring the good luck inside,¡± Chris Chen, 26, said as he left a Buddhist Temple where he had been lighting incense to wish his ancestors peace, another tradition.

Southern California¡¯s large ethnic Chinese an Vietnamese communities also rang in the lunar New Year with religious ceremonies, parades and festivals. It was the ninth year for the festival in Alhambra and thousands of people were expected to attend, said organizer Pinki Chen. An estimated 8,000 people took part in religious observances Saturday in Los Angeles at the His Lai Temple, site of widely criticized fund-raising by Vice President Gore during the 1996 presidential campaign.

In San Francisco, hundreds of people watched lion and dragon dances and martial arts demonstrations at City Hall. The city¡¯s Vietnamese community was set to begin three days of Tet Festival events Saturday. Its Chinese New Year celebrations, mean while, are set to finish in a firecracker-filled traditional dragon parade through the narrow streets I of Chinatown on Feb. 19.

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, D. after listening, you will have time to check you answers. You will hear each piece once only.

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

When I returned to my room I sat by the window, thinking. Although I had stayed in England for over a year, it was difficult for me to understand the British mind. Traveling to the office every day by train I watched people hiding their faces behind newspapers. They rarely talked to each other, occasionally lifting their eyebrows to look at their fellow passengers. But when I started a conversation by using the excuse of the weather I found many had a natural gift for gossip. They would go on telling all about themselves and their families. Sometimes I was even given their telephone numbers and asked to look them up. At first I took their invitations as they appeared at first, but when I rang and heard the surprised tone, ¡°Who?¡±, I felt embarrassed and pretended that I had got the wrong number.

I had to learn to say ¡°please¡±, ¡°sorry¡±, ¡°thank you¡±, whether I felt it or not. Once, while buying a ticket to Waterloo, I forgot to say ¡°please¡±. The man at the counter was offended and would not give me the ticked until I said ¡°please¡±. When he handed me the ticket he said, say ¡°thank you¡±. As I was getting into the train, an Englishwoman pushed me with her shoulders, said ¡°sorry¡±, and hurried inside to take the only empty seat.

On the way to the office one morning a man collapsed in my compartment. At Waterloo everybody left, but I stayed with him until an ambulance arrived and was an hour late getting to the office. I was told it was not my job to look after strangers.

I found that many did not even look after their own parents who were old and helpless. In India it is the duty of the children to look after their parents and old relatives. While serving a meal, my mother always gave food to the old relatives and children first and ate whatever was left over. The old never felt isolated. They lived with their families and contributed to the happiness of the house.

Questions 11-14 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. What do you think the speaker is mainly talking about?

12.how long had the speaker stayed in England?

13. What did the speaker mean when he said ¡°many had a natural gift for gossip¡±?

Passage two

Up to now we¡¯ve focused on the positive impact of the automobile on the society in the United States. Today we¡¯ll look at some of the negative effects. A number of sociologists blame the automobiles for the decline of the downtown areas of the major cities. In the 1950¡¯s and 1960¡¯s the automobile made it possible to work in the city and yet live in the suburbs many miles away. Shopping patterns changed. Instead of patronizing downtown stores, people in the suburbs went to large markets built in open areas outside the city where everything was cheaper. Merchants in the cities failed. Stores closed. Downtown shopping areas became deserted. In recent years, there¡¯s been a rebirth of a number of downtown areas, as suburbanites, especially young married couples, have moved into the city to avoid roads clogged with traffic between the suburbs and the cities every morning and evening.

Now let¡¯s look at some slides that illustrate these trends. By the way, tomorrow I¡¯ll explain the effect of all these automobiles on the environment. For example, what happens to the atmosphere as a result of the burning of gasoline and the depletion of natural resources like fossil fuels?

Questions 14-16 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14. What did the speaker probably talk about previously?

15. What problem did city merchants face?

16. according to the speaker, why are some people moving back to the city?

Passage three

There is a special railway in London which was completed thirty years ago. The railway is called the Victoria Line, and it is one part of the complete London underground railway.

The new Victoria Line was opened in 1969. This new line was very different from the others.

The stations on the other lines need a lot of workers to sell tickets, and to check and to collect them when people leave the trains.

This is all different on the Victoria Line. Here a machine checks and collects the tickets, and there are no workers on the platforms.

On the train, there is only one worker. If necessary this man can drive the train. But usually he just starts it; it runs and stops by itself. The trains are controlled by electrical signals which are sent by the so-called ¡°command spots¡±.

The command spots are the same distance apart. Each sends a certain signal. The train always moves at the speed that the command spot allow. If the command spot sends no signals, the train will stop.

Most of the control work is done by computers. The computers also fix the train¡¯s speeds, and send the signals to the command spots.

Other machines make sure that the trains are always a safe distance apart. One train may stay too long at a station; the other trains will then automatically move slower. So there is no danger of accidents on the line.

Questions 17-20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

17. What happened to the London underground railway three decades ago?

18.On the Victoria Line, who does all the checking and collecting of tickets?

19. What is the task of the worker on the Victoria Lone train?

20. If no signal is sent from the command spot, what will happen to the train?

-end-

test 4 ´ð°¸

Section I listening comprehension

Part A

1. false: it was 150,000

2. true

3. false: it was 168,365

4. true

5. true

6. false: the figure should balance over the year

7. false: it is going up by 2.8 percent

8. true: 2.8 percent is equal to $140

9. true

10. false: Jeff says it is more like 3: 1.5

Part B

1. by visiting family and friends

2. thanksgiving day holiday

3. peak days

Part C

11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. C

16. C 17.A 18. B 19. B 20. A

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Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

You will hear the conversation twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

Operator: Maginnis and Carey.

Linda: Could I speak to Jeff Kaye please?

Operator: M ay I say who¡¯s calling?

Linda: It¡¯s Linda Jolly from London.

Operator: One moment, please.

Jeff: Hello, Linda.

Linda: Hi Jeff.

Jeff: How are things?

Linda: Fine, I¡¯ve just been looking through the April income statement you faxed through.

Jeff: IK, well, do you want o talk about it? I¡¯ve got my copy right here.

Linda: It looks as if we¡¯re around 12 percent above target on income.

Jeff: Yes, that¡¯s about right, $ 168,365 and the projection was $ 150,000. It¡¯s good!

Linda: Why is the figure for advertising so high? That¡¯s about a quarter of the budget for the whole year!

Jeff: That¡¯s for the space in Yellow Pages, we paid it this month so it has to appear here. It should balance over the year but you¡¯ll have to be a bit careful over the next couple of months.

Linda: We¡¯ll have to adjust the figure for rent from September. It¡¯s going to go up by 2.8 percent.

Jeff: IK, 2.8 you said? I¡¯ll just make a note of that. What¡¯s that, around $140, isn¡¯t it? I¡¯m a bit worried about salaries, this figure is still to high. Remember the ratio we worked out, it should be three to one compared to income for the first two years. I think this is more like three to one and a half.

Linda: I¡¯d like to check those figures again and come back to you.

Jeff: OK, that¡¯s fine. Give me a call later in the week.

Part B

Directions:

You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the question below.

Americans are preparing to celebrate the annual Thanksgiving Day holiday by visiting families and friends. Besides eating turkey, travel is one of Thanksgiving¡¯s other traditions ---- some would say headaches. Correspondent Nick Simeone reports Americans are expected to turn this year ¡®s Thanksgiving Day holiday into a record travel weekend.

Thanksgiving is the busiest travel time of the year in the United States and packed trains, airports and highways are ushering in this year¡¯s long holiday weekend. Backed by a robust economy, a record number of Americans are expected to take the highways and the skies between now and Sunday.

¡° We¡¯re projecting that a whopping 34 million Americans are going to be heading out of town.¡±

Lon Anderson is a spokesman for the American Automobile Association

¡° About 82 percent will be in cars. That ¡®s about 28 million folks are going to be on our highways.¡±

Airports across the country are expecting near record travel as well, including Atlanta¡¯s Harts field ---- the world¡¯s busiest airport where Lanii Thomas is the spokeswoman.

¡° Sunday and Monday on the return after the holiday are going to be our peak days.¡±

All of this travel is being helped by unseasonably good weather across much of the United States.

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, D. after listening, you will have time to check you answers. You will hear each piece once only.

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

W: Good afternoon. Melrose Apartments. May I help you?

M: Yes, I¡¯m interested in renting a one-bedroom apartment. Do you have any available?

W: No, I¡¯m sorry. None are available at this time, but I expect a vacancy in about three weeks. Could I interest you in a two-bedroom?

M: Well, I¡¯m a student and I have too cut corners. How much more would a two-bedroom apartment cost me?

W: The one-bedroom rents for $250 a month and the two-bedroom is only $35 more.

M: Is the two-bedroom a great deal larger than the one-bedroom?

W: Yes, it is. Also, I might tell you that the one-bedroom doesn¡¯t have a dishwasher. All of our two-bedroom apartments do.

M: What about signing a lease?

W: We do require a six-month lease on all our apartments, and there is a deposit of $100 in case any damage is done to the apartment.

M: Is there a pool?

W: No, I¡¯m sorry, there isn¡¯t. we do have a recreation area and sauna. Also, there are tennis courts adjacent to our building.

M: When could I see an apartment?

W: How about later this afternoon? Let¡¯s see. I have an appointment at three-thirty and another one at four. How about five o¡¯clock this afternoon?

M: Tat would be fine. I¡¯ll pick my wife up from work, and we¡¯ll come right over.

W: I¡¯ll be looking forward to seeing you then.

M: Thank you. Good-bye.

W: Good-bye.

Questions 11-14 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. What is one thing the apartment building which the woman describes does not have?

12.Why is a deposit required at Melrose Apartment?

13. How long will the student have to wait for a one-bedroom apartment?

14. When will the student go to see the apartment?

Passage two

M: Professor Jones, may I see you a moment?

W: Of course, Gus. Come in and have a seat. I have about a half hour before my faculty meeting. Let me move this chair close to my desk.

M: Thanks. I¡¯ve come to talk to you about my grade on my last economics project. I want to know why I was given an ¡°F¡±.

W: Well, Gus, your approach was so similar to that of another student in the class that I seriously doubted that you¡¯d done the calculations yourself.

M: I did work closely with my roommate Steve, but let me explain why. A week before the project was due, I was too sick to do my research. Steve agreed to help me with the project the night before it was due. We stayed up all night in order to finish it on time. The calculations were really my own.

W: Well, you¡¯d been given a month to work on the project. Wouldn¡¯t it have been better to start at one rather than to wait until the last minute? Each student was supposed to prepare this project individually. I¡¯m afraid that my decision remains the same. However, next week we will be studying the government¡¯s role in running the economy. If ¡®you¡¯re willing to make an oral presentation about the subject, I¡¯ll give you extra credit.

M: Thank you. Professor Jones. I¡¯ll have my oral report ready for class on Friday.

Questions 15-17 are based on the passage you have just heard.

15. Where does this conversation most likely occur?

16. How long had the student been given to complete the project?

17. Why has the professor given the student a failing grade on his project?

Passage three

Penguins live together in large and busy colonies every pair has a little piece of ground. When a penguin wants to walk through his neighbor¡¯s ground he must ask permission. If he does not, he will have to fight. Penguins come and go all day. They fight, fish and look after their children. All penguins are good parents ---- the emperor penguins are perhaps the best parents in the world. They walk in from the sea in the middle of the dark Antarctic winter. They choose their wives in the dark. They can only hear them ---- not see them. Then the females lay their eggs and go away for two months. The males look after the eggs. They hold them on their feet inside a fold of skin. If the eggs get cold there will be no chicks. There is no food. The snow falls. The wind blows sometimes at 150 kilometers an hour. The penguins do not move. When the females return from the sea they will not remember their husbands. It does not matter. Only one thing matters ---- the egg. Emperor penguins never fight ---- unless a penguin leaves a chick for a minute. Then they fight because they all want it. They are strange and wonderful birds.

Questions 18-20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

18. What do penguins get on the land?

19. What do female penguins do after they lay their eggs?

20. In which case do emperor penguins fight?

-end-

test 5 ´ð°¸

Section I listening comprehension

Part A

[ 5 ] 1. spent several years in the Middle East

[ 10 ] 2. the director of OXCo will retire

[7 ] 3. came out with more efficient ways of refining oil

[1 ] 4. started working in OXCo

[4 ] 5. discovered some of the largest gas reserves in the world

[8 ] 6. prices have bee up and down a lot

[2 ] 7. purchased 33 per cent of a company on the Dutch-German border

[6 ] 8. the oil crisis came

[9 ] 9. now producing more and more solar energy

[ 3] 10. companies in Cuba were nationalized.

Part B

1. shopping and banking

2. 42 billion

3. at least 15,000 customers.

4. It will affect the way we work.

5. Yes, it is.

Part C

11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. C

16. B 17.C 18. C 19. D 20. A 21.B

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Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

You will hear the talk twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

I started working in OXCo, or the Oil Exploration Company as it was called then, in the 1950s. At that time we were desperately trying to increase our distribution network in Europe. We were finding it hard to find the right company to buy into. Then the purchase of 33 percent of a company on the Dutch-German border gave us exactly what we needed, and at the same time we exchanged some holdings we had in Cuba with a gas field in Holland belonging to another oil company. Not long after that, Fidel Castro took over in Cuba and those holdings were nationalized. We then discovered some of the largest gas reserves in the world in our new acquisition in Holland. And of course, we had already bought exactly the distribution network we needed to fully exploit those reserves. So the company blossomed.

This continued throughout the 1960s, a time when I was particularly involved with developments in the Middle East. I spent several years there as area manager. Then in 1973 came the oil crisis, when oil prices quadrupled, literally went up by four times their value. In the west, this mean that new ways of saving energy were introduced, quickly, but Saudi Arabia, for example, was able to build a modern infrastructure with the revenues. Perhaps during the 60¡¯s, we in the West should have listened to the oil producers a litter more. We might have avoided the crisis of the 70¡¯s. However, we came out of that crisis with more efficient ways of refining oil and the company was still an industry leader.

In the 80¡¯s, with less price-fixing, prices have been up and down a lot. During that time, we have invested in research into other energy forms and we are now producing solar energy more and more.

With the concern for the environment I am sure we will continue along these lines into the next century, but by then I will have retired!

Part B

Directions:

You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the question below.

The Usefulness of the Internet

What will people use the Internet for? Shopping and banking will be big growth areas. Henley predicts that, from under 1% of all purchases today, it will account for 6.4% of purchases within four years, amounting to 42 billion.

Sales have already started with dry goods such as books and CDs and, as people learn to trust it, will move onto regular purchases such as food. Iceland, the supermarket chain, began computer shopping trials two weeks ago and has already signed up at least 15,000 customers, ranging from busy executives to the house bound. When it links up with digital television, Ice land expects to double that immediately. Yet internet-linked televisions and phones may be only the start. One potential breakthrough is Bluetooth, named after a 10^th-century Danish king famed for his rotten front tooth and uniting warring factions in Denmark and Norway. The modern Bluetooth allows an unlikely array of machines to talk to each other, so that a phone tucked away in a briefcase can remember to send out a signal that turns on a video machine 50 miles away, switches on the heating or starts the cooker. Cars, offices and kitchens will all speak to each other.

The most significant impact, however, will be in the way we work. Adrian Horsford, director of millennial projects at BT, predicts It will encourage more people to work at home. ¡° People have talked about telecommuting for years, but at lest it makes economic sense. Many offices will turn into touch-down centers,, where people will only occasionally call in. this is already the case for one in five at BT,¡± he said.

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, D. after listening, you will have time to check you answers. You will hear each piece once only.

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the China Daily Building. As I¡¯m sure you¡¯re aware from your journalism classes, large newspapers are divided into a number of areas, all of them important to the success of the overall operation. We¡¯ll be visiting three important departments today. We¡¯ll begin our tour with a visit to the Circulation Department, which is responsible for distributing the paper all over the city. Then we¡¯ll move to the Editorial Department. In that department, there is the City Desk, which is responsible for gathering and reporting local news. The National Desk and the International Desk are there, too, and various feature desks. Since you¡¯re probably most interested in that part of our operation, we¡¯ll be spending most of our time there, and you¡¯ll have a chance to chat with some of our reporters. Finally, we¡¯ll visit the Production Department, where the newspaper is printed. Please step this way.

Questions 11-13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. Whom is the speaker addressing?

12.Where will the people listening to this talk go first?

13. According to the speaker, what type of work is done at the City Desk?

Passage two

Speech---- the act of uttering sounds to convey meaning ---- is a kind of human action. Like any other constantly repeated action, speaking has to be learned, but one it is learned, it becomes a generally unconscious and apparently automatic process.

As far as we can determine, human beings do not need to be forced to speak: Most babies seem to possess a sort of instinctive drive to produce speech like noises. How to speak and what to say are another r matter altogether. These actions are learned from the particular society into which the baby was born; so that, like all conduct that Is learned from a society---- from the people around us---- speech is a patterned activity. The sounds that a child can make are more varied and numerous than the sounds that any particular language utilizes. How ever, a child born into a society with a pattern or language is encouraged to make a small selection of sounds and to make these few sounds over and over until it is natural for him to make these sounds and no others.

Questions 14-17 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14. What do we know about ¡°speech¡±?

15. What is the instinctive drive of most babies?

16. What are the sounds a child is able to make like?

17. How can a child be considered to have learnt to speak?

Passage three

Today I want to help you with a study reading method known as SQ3R. The letters stand for five steps in the reading process: Survey, Question, Read, Review, Recite. Each of the steps should be done carefully and in the order mentioned.

In all study reading, a survey should be the first step. Survey means to look quickly. In study reading you need to look quickly at titles, words in darker or larger print, words with capital letters, illustrations, and charts. Don¡¯t stop to read complete sentences. Just look at the important divisions of the materials.

The second step is Question. Try to form questions based on your survey. Use the question words Who, What, When, Where, Why and How.

Now you are to read for the third step, Read. You will be reading the titles and important word that you looked at in the survey. But his time you will read the examples and details as well. Sometimes it is useful to take notes while you read. I have had students who preferred to underline important points, and it seemed to be just as useful as note-taking. What you should do, whether you take notes or underline, is to read actively. Think about what you are reading as a series of ideas, not just a sequence of words.

The fourth step is Review. Remember the questions that you wrote down before you read the material. You should be able to answer them now. You will notice that some of the questions were treated in more detail in reading. Concentrate on those. Also review material that you did not consider in you questions.

The last step is Recite. Try to put the reading into your own words. Summarize it either in writing or orally.

SQ3R---- survey, Question, Read, Review and Recite.

Questions 18-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

18. What do the letters in the SQ3R method represent?

19. What does the word Survey mean?

20. What does the lecturer say about Reading, step three in the SQ3R method?

21. What is the last step in the SQ3R method?

-end-

test 6 ´ð°¸

Section I listening comprehension

Part A

1. driver 2. 10 minutes 3. tiring 4. air

5. being one¡¯s own boss 6. pay 7. 2or 3 8. free travel

Part B

1. for about 3years.

2. to get promotion.

3. the responsibility

4. someone prepared to work overtime.

5. a university arts degree

Part C

11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B

16. A 17.C 18. D 19. A 20. C

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Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

You will hear the interview twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

A typical working day

Interviewer: Albert White is a driver on the London Underground. Albert, tell us about a typical working day in your job.

Albert: Well, if you¡¯re on the morning shift, you might have to get up as early as four to be at work by five, you know, which is when the first train leaves. But, you know, not all the trains starting that early¡­ er¡­ they leave every ten minutes or so up to about 7:00. So if you¡¯re driving a later train, you wouldn¡¯t report for work until ¡­ oh¡­ you know, 6:45... er¡­ in the case of driving at 7 o¡¯clock¡­ but ¡­er¡­ it all depends, you know. Er¡­ you know, I find the work itself is quite tiring. Even though you¡¯re sitting down all the time, you have to remain alert the whole time and it¡¯s a big responsibility because there are only two or three minutes between each station. This means you¡¯re always starting and stopping or accelerating and slowing down. I¡­ er¡­ I wouldn¡¯t say it¡¯s a very healthy job, really, you know, because.. er¡­ you know, the lack of air and lack of ventilation. You know, although the line I¡¯m on at the moment, it runs as much about ground as it does below ground. You know, it¡¯s quite nice out in the country there sometimes. But¡­ er¡­ more because of ¡­ er¡­ because of the strain on the nerves is the health thing really. It¡¯s the strain on the nerves. You get.. er.. headaches quite often. One the whole, though, I don¡¯t mind the work. Though I don¡¯t suppose I ¡­ I don¡¯t really enjoy it. Er¡­. I don¡¯t mind being on my own most of the time, you know. You get a chance to chat you your mates in the refreshments breaks you get between journey. But ¡­ er¡­ I suppose the advantage of the work is that you¡­ you don¡¯t have to answer to any one. You know, you¡¯re your own boss, there¡¯s no one telling you what to do the whole time.

Inter viewer: What¡­ what¡¯s the pay like?

Albert: Oh, the pay is very good. I think it¡¯s very fair for what ¡­ for what we do. And the other advantage is if you¡¯re on the morning shift you¡¯re free the whole afternoon, you know, with my hobbies and ... er¡­ all that kink of thing, helping the wife out with the shopping, it¡¯s great. But if you¡¯re on the evening work it can be a real problem.

Interviewer: Qh¡­ why is that?

Albert: Well¡­ you know, because you¡¯re too tired, you know, working and this means you can¡¯t spend ¡­ er¡­ time with your mates except on your days off, as well, that¡¯s another thing. I¡­I suppose I get about two days off a week, sometimes three. And four weeks holiday. You¡­ you try to take the¡­er¡­ the family to the seaside on one of those weeks, really. Because, you know, I get¡­er¡­ I get free travel any where in London for myself and my family, that¡¯s another thing. So on rest days we try to go out for the day with the family if the weather¡¯s nice and we take a picnic to the park or something like that.

Interviewer: Well, thank you very much, Albert.

Part B

Directions:

You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the question below.

The interview for a job

Mr. Swaine: Please sit down, Mr. Walsh. My name¡¯s John Swaine and I¡¯m the personnel manager.

Peter: Hello. How do you do?

Mr. Swaine: Now, this is just a short preliminary interview. I¡¯d like to chat about your present job and what you¡¯ve done up till now.

Peter: Yes, of course.

Mr. Swaine: Well, could you tell me how long you¡¯ve had you present position in Weston¡¯s. It is Weston¡¯s, isn¡¯t it?

Peter: Yes, that I right. Um, I¡¯m not sure. Let¡¯s see. I left university in nineteen eighty-six ---- is that right? ---- yes, nineteen eighty-six. Then I was unemployed for about three months, and then I traveled round American for a few months, so yes, it must be about three years now in fact.

Mr. Swaine: Um yes. And have you any particular reason for wanting to change jobs? I mean why do you want to move?

Peter: Well, I actually like my present job and still find it interesting and stimulating. The salary¡¯s OK so it¡¯s nothing to do with money, though you can always do with more. I suppose the thing is that I¡¯m really very ambitious ad keen to get promoted, so that¡¯ the real reason.

Mr. Swaine: You say you like your job. Can you tell me what aspect you like most?

Peter: Oh dear. That¡¯s difficult. There are so many things. The other people are great, there¡¯s a good co-operative atmosphere, I, mean, among the staff. And compared to other companies the conditions are great. I mean the office itself and the working conditions.

Mr. Swaine: Um.

Peter: And then there¡¯s the fact that they give me lots of room for initiative and let me make decisions. You know, that¡¯ s what I really like most about the job.

Mr. Swaine: Yes well, we¡¯re looking for someone like that. You know, someone who isn¡¯t a clock-watcher and who isn¡¯t too concerned about working fairly long hours.

Peter: Oh, I don¡¯t mind that. I¡¯m used to it.

Mr. Swaine: And what about your education. You went to Manchester University, didn¡¯t you?

Peter: Er yes. After leaving school I started a diploma course in design but I decided to give it up and did an Arts degree at university instead.

Mr. Swaine: Good, and have you done any courses since?¡­

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, D. after listening, you will have time to check you answers. You will hear each piece once only.

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

Today I will be talking about the invention of the semiconducting silicon wafer and the computer. The semiconducting chip is often thought to be a modern invention. But as early as 1912, an American engineer discovered that through a process similar to that used in photography, he could etch tiny pathways into a piece of silicon. By applying various quantities of electricity to the chip, he could cause it to conduct or resist electricity. The ability to control the flow of electricity is the basic quality of a semiconductor. Silicon is still the basis of semiconducting chips used today.

Later, teams of engineers around the world learned to use these semiconducting chips to store very simple forms of information. The very first computer built on semiconducting silicon was built in the 1940¡¯s and still exists. A series of researchers from Sphere Laboratories in Massachusetts improved the process of producing chips by adding several layers onto the same chip. This increase in power created by the multiple layered chips caused a significant growth in the interest in computers. Where they had been interesting toys for engineers in the past, they began to be seen as tools of significant potential.

The problem was the storing of the information. In the early computers all the information would be lost if the electricity was turned off. It wasn¡¯t until scientists had developed the kind of magnetic disk storage we now use that practical information storage became possible and computing became truly modern. In the 1970¡¯s the citrus computer company developed the concept of an individual computer for use in the house hold, thus making the computer the popular personal item that it I s today. Now that the ¡°notebook¡± computer has become a common aspect of daily life, we can see that there has been a considerable history in the development of these helpful machines.

Passage two

You have read a great deal about the behavioral patterns of various species in your textbook.

During this time, many students have asked me how these studies have been conducted. So I¡¯m going to spend this class period talking about how I am conducting my research project. In this project, my research assistants and I trace the migration pattern of the grizzly bear by using compactor technology.

I decided to research the grizzly bear because they are gradually disappearing around forests in the Yosemite area. One distinct characteristic of this bear is its hibernating spot, however, the grizzly bears are disappearing. We hope to discover why they are vanishing, so we can prevent them from becoming extinct.

My research assistants are helping me implant computer chips, no bigger than a small stone, on the bears. Why compactor chips, you might ask? Well, previous research projects used to imprint the bears with bits of marked wire. This process created an unusually large amount of work for the researchers because, in order to retrieve the information later, they had to find the bears. With compactor chips, we can track the course of the grizzly bears without interfering in their travels.

We can do this by placing a series of wireless antennas along the possible routes of the bear the implanted compactor chips allow us to easily locate them because their location is transmitted whenever they pass the antennas. This allows us to monitor many bears and track their progress with less effort.

We already know that a species of the coyote may resent problems for the bear. We are still unclear, though, on how the coyote may contribute to their decline. Hopefully, these compactor chips will help us find the answer.

Passage three

Do you remember which insect has the longest life cycle? The periodical cicada. Let us quickly review our discussion of insect life cycles with a consideration of this unusual creature.

Two species of cicada may be found in the United States. The northern species has a life cycle of seventeen years, but the southern one has a shorter life cycle of thirteen years. The periodical cicada undergoes an incomplete metamorphosis, as opposed to a complete metamorphosis, like approximately twenty percent o all insects. It goes from an egg to a nymph to an adult without passing through a pupil stage.

During a week or so of adult life in the month of June, the females lay eggs on twigs. By August the nymphs hatch and drop from the twigs to the ground. They dig into the ground, and in the case of the northern species, they continue doing so for seventeen years, while, the southern species stays underground fro thirteen years. They eat the sap tromp small roots of plants and shed their external skeletons four times as they grow. After their seventeen or thirteen years underground, they crawl out at twilight in late May or early June and climb the nearest tree, bush, or fence. Their dir-covered exoskeletons split, and the white adults come out. By morning the next day, the adults¡¯ color has darkened. Then the cicada¡¯s famous mating call resonates through the woods, and the cycle starts one more. When the adults emerge, from the ground, they do so in such numbers that people sometimes erroneously believe they are locusts. Unlike locusts, however, cicadas do not cause any significant harm to crops. -end-

test 7 ´ð°¸

Section I listening comprehension

Part A

1. c 2.a 3.f 4.b 5.d 6. e

Part B

1. First, introduce two- and four-door versions; then introduce a completely new model at the top end of the range.

2. The Japanese strategy is to go in with low prices and build market share.

3. Customers who are changing from American-made cars.

4. Someone who is buying a luxury car for the first time.

Part C

11.A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D

16. C 17.D 18. A 19. C 20. A

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Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

You will hear the speech twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

Goldman Prize

This is Bill White with the VOA Special English Environment Report.

The Goldman Environmental Foundation has announced its yearly international awards. The six winners each received one hundred thousand dollars for their efforts to protect the environment. They were honored in San Francisco, California, last week. Each year, about twenty environmental groups and a committee of experts nominate candidates for the prize. This year, the Goldman prize winners are from the United States, Colombia, Italy, Japan, South Africa, and Dominica.

American Kory Johnson is one of the winners. She was nine years old when she established Children for a Safe Environment. She led the group to organize a campaign that helped to stop the building of a huge treatment center for poisonous wastes. It was to be built in a poor community in Arizona. Berita KuwarU¡¯wa lives in the forests of Colombia. He heads a campaign to urge oil companies not to search for oil in his homeland. He and the U¡¯wa people believe that oil development on their territory will seriously harm their way of life.

Another winner is Anna Giordano. She launched a campaign in defense of birds that are hunted for sport each spring in southern Italy. She has greatly reduced the killing of the birds on the island of Sicily, where she lives. One hunter set a bomb which exploded inside her car. But local police officers now are helping her campaign. Hirofumi Yaashita lives in Japan. He has led efforts for twenty-five years to halt the development of Isahays Bay, one of the richest wetlands in the world. Many birds and sea animals live in the area. The size of the project was greatly reduced because of his work.

Sven Perk is from South Africa. He lives near an industrial center that treats sixty tons of the chemical, sulfur dioxide, a day. He united community groups that succeeded in closing an area used to bury poisonous chemicals.

Atherton Martin of Dominica is another winner. He organized local and international efforts to stop a proposed copper mine. The mining operation would have damaged ten percent of the island.

In 1989, Richard and Rhoda Goldman created the Goldman Environmental Foundation to give the international environment awards. Mr. Goldman is the chairman of an independent financial services company.

Part B

Directions:

You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the question below.

Journalist: The American luxury car market is an area where traditionally, European car makers have been very strong but where Japanese producers are now gaining more and more market share. What are you going to do about this?

Spokesman: We will be bringing out a new model of luxury car in Europe every year for the next five years. Six months after their introduction in Europe, these models will be available in the US.

Journalist: Has the Japanese success meant any immediate changes in strategy?

Spokesman: Our strategy is in two stages; first, we will introduce our Spirit model in two- and four-door versions in the US next month. Then we will be introducing a completely new model at the top end of the luxury range.

Journalist: What will the features of the new model be?

Spokesman: It will have a sophisticated suspension system that will make the car extremely stable. It will also have a six-speed transmission.

Journalist: Aren¡¯t you worried that your innovations will be copied?

Spokesman: You know, every body always wants to know how the competition does things. But there¡¯s an essential difference in our market. The Japanese Vitess model is attracting customers who are changing from American-made luxury cars---- the Japanese strategy is to go in with low prices and build market share. We are attracting the entry-level buyer.

Journalist: The entry-level buyer?

Spokesman: Yes, the first-time buyer, someone who is buying a luxury car for the first time. You see, to the US market our name still means a high-performance luxury automobile.

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, D. after listening, you will have time to check you answers. You will hear each piece once only.

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

Passage one

The first flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia in the spring of 1981 was a revolutionary development in space exploration. Unlike the rockets of the previous twenty years, Columbia has the enormous advantage of being specially designed to return to earth and make further flights. Among the large number of projects scientists are investigating its future use, the most exciting, perhaps, is that the first steps can now be taken towards establishing human colonies in space. The present Space Shuttle can only stay in space for about a week, but it could take people out to build ¡°islands¡± where they stay for longer periods. By the year 2050 scientists estimate that man will be able to construct permanent settlements.

The first ¡°islands¡± would be energy station. There would be no hope of establishing colonies in space unless people could obtain energy there, instead f getting it from the earth. However, if the original could convert solar energy into electricity., it would be possible to provide the equivalent of a filling station for cars on earth, allowing the Space Shuttle to refuel and stay in orbit longer periods of time.

If this initial project were successful, much larger solar energy stations would be constructed later with materials brought out by the Shuttle. Eventually, man would be able to construct an ¡°inhabitable planet¡± in space.

Passage two

M: Susan, do you know when Professor Jones¡¯ Biology Final is?

W: Next Tuesday.

M: Next Tuesday! That is less than a week away, and I have got things planned for this weekend.

W: Haven¡¯t you been studying all along?

M: I have kept up with my lecture notes, but I haven¡¯t reviewed at all.

W: Then it¡¯s your own fault. The date of the final is clearly marked on the course outline.

M: I suppose you¡¯re right, but doesn¡¯t is seem awfully early for a final?

W: A little, but it should actually help us out. After we have finished with it, we can concentrate on our other finals.

M: Are you ready for it?

W: I think I am, I¡¯m going to review some more of course.

M: DO you think we could study together sometimes this weekend?

W: I don¡¯t see why not. Are you doing anything tomorrow night?

M: I can¡¯t tomorrow. I am going out with some guys to that new nightspot downtown.

W: Well, how about the following night?

M: No, I can¡¯t Saturday either. My sister and her husband are coming to town and I want to show them around.

W: Sunday, then?

M: Well, I¡¯ll probably sleep all morning and in the afternoon I want to go to the football game. Also that night I have to write an type up a paper for anther class.

W: Michael, that leaves Monday, the night before the test.

M; Actually, I¡¯ve got plans for Monday night too. How about early Tuesday morning?

W: Michael, the test is Tuesday morning.

Passage three

Several of you have spoken to me about the possibility of make-up labs so that you can complete laboratory work you¡¯ve missed for one reason or another during the course of the semester. Since this is our last week of the semester, I¡¯m sure you¡¯re aware that one third of your final grade is based on your lab work. So any missing work will certainly affect your final grade. I¡¯ve decided to open the lab for here evenings this week. The lab will open tonight, tomorrow night and Wednesday night from six until ten. I¡¯ll be there to assist you with materials and equipment. Since your lab notebooks for the semester are due on Thursday, the first three nights of this week will be your last opportunity to make up incomplete work.

-end-

test 8 ´ð°¸

Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Listen to the conversation and then fill in as many of the details of Oliver¡¯s trip as you can.

Part B

1. good looks, a gentle voice and a tailor-made business suit

2. women have an advantage over men in public relations

3. judge her own performances and make requests in public

4. don¡¯t fight for yourself, nobody will

5. respect doesn¡¯t come with position---- it has to be earned

Part C

11.B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B

16. C 17.C 18. B 19. B 20. C

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Section I listening comprehension

Part A

Directions:

You will hear the speech twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

Jim: So you¡¯re going to Pittsburg?

Oliver: That¡¯s right, I¡¯m going to visit Pitt Steel.

Jim: When are you going?

Oliver: I think I¡¯m going to fly over at the end of next month, but I don¡¯t know when exactly.

Jim: Are you going direct to Pittsburg?

Oliver: Well, yes, I think so. Why?

Jim: Because I¡¯m having a holiday next month and I¡¯m spending a week or so with my folks in New York. If you fly via New York, I¡¯ll be able to show you around.

Oliver: That sounds like a good idea. When are you going to be there?

Jim: Let¡¯s see. Well, I¡¯m leaving Hamburg on 17^th July, and I¡¯m coming back on the 31^st, so any time between those dates.

Oliver: Well, I¡¯d really like to see New York, so, yes., I¡¯ll do it! I¡¯ll book a flight to Now York first, then I¡¯ll fly on to Pittsburg.

Jim: Great, you can stay with my parents, too.

Oliver: No, I can¡¯t do that!

Jim: Sure you can!

Oliver: No, really¡­

Jim: Look, you are staying with my parents, OK?

Oliver: OK, if you¡¯re sure.

Jim: Of course! look, if you come over on about 27^th July, you can fly on to Pittsburg on the 31^st, and we¡¯ll go to the airport together.

Oliver: Yes, that¡¯s a good idea.

Jim: I¡¯ll show you all the sights. I¡¯m sure you¡¯ll have a fantastic time!

Oliver: I¡¯m sure I will!

Jim: Where are you going to stay in Pittsburg?

Oliver: I don¡¯t know. Do you know any hotels?

Jim: Yes, I think the Grand is good.

Oliver: OK, I¡¯ll stay at the Grand.

Jim: Are you going to rent a car?

I think Pitt Steel is outside the center of Pittsburg.

Oliver: Oh, well, in that case, I¡¯ll rent a car.

Part B

Directions:

You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the question below.

A typical public relations officer, in most people¡¯s mind, is a lady with striking good looks, a gentle voice, and a tailor-made business suit. For years TV and films have been giving people an impression that these women are natural-born public relations experts.

For Carol Yang, in her early 30s, with good looks and a gentle voice, that image has changed, after spending more than seven years at Hill and Knowlton (H&K), a leading global PR company.

Faced with the heated competition, Yang has discovered that it is a myth that women have an advantage over men in public relations.

¡°The competition in this area is not particularly different from that in other fields, ¡±Yang said. She is the Shanghai office manager and director of client services for H&K.

¡°My success actually started with my awareness of the ¡®natural-born¡¯ weaknesses of a woman,¡± she commented. After her graduation from East China Normal University and working for an international company, Yang joined H&K in 1994.

The first thing she learned was ¡°to present yourself.¡±

Although she was a key member of many client teams ---- from General Motors to Microsoft---- Yang said she has nothing to say about her own performance reviews at the company¡¯s rear-end meeting.

¡°Like most female staffers, despite hard work, I felt too embarrassed to judge my own performances and make requests in public.¡±

She could only tell her boss that she was waiting for others to comment and give her advice to develop her career.

Her boss uttered only one comment: ¡°Carol, if you don¡¯t fight for yourself, nobody will.¡± ¡°To me, it was a turning point,¡± Yang said. ¡°I realized that people will not offer more to you just because you are a modest woman. Once I became a manager myself, I gave this advice to every ¡®humble ¡¯female colleague on my team.¡±

Yang leads many key projects she also has managed many events for large international companies. Her experience qualified her to hold her present posts at H&K.

¡°To be a manager and organize a team is a great challenge for me¡± Yang said.

She was nervous when first assigned as office manager. The uneasiness didn¡¯t disappear until she realized that a leader could not, and also need not, be better at everything than her subordinates.

¡°I think it is a key point to be a happy and successful manager,¡± she said. ¡°It helps me to control my sensitivity to being challenged when our team members raise ideas different from mine.¡±

Yang doesn¡¯t expect her team members always to follow her methods, she said. She encourages her team to bring up creative ideas, and gives full play to the staff¡¯s potentials and advantages.

¡°Respect doesn¡¯t come with position ---- it has to be earned,¡± Yang said. ¡°It is much the same in every industry, I believe.¡±

Part C

Directions:

You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, D. after listening, you will have time to check you answers. You will hear each piece once only.

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

Passage one

M: How do you and your housemates like the co-up? I¡¯m thinking of joining it myself.

W: We like it quite a bit. We get some very fresh produce. And both staples and fair prices. But it certainly hasn¡¯t saved us time. The co-up doesn¡¯t carry everything. So we still wind up going to the supermarket too, for cleaning supplies batteries, that sort of thing. I wish the co-up solved those items. I¡¯ve been talking about it with some of the other members.

M: What do members have to do? Just to pay a membership fee?

W: Yeah. There¡¯s a fee, and there are meetings. But attendance isn¡¯t required. But we do have to work there for an hour every week, which isn¡¯t too bad. Once you are there, you can get your shopping done.

M: I wouldn¡¯t mind working there some time. You get to learn about the products. But is the food free from additives? That will be the main reason I join. I¡¯m a convert from junk food. Until now my diets have been largely chemical additives and pesticides.

W: Well, a lot of food is pure and pesticides-free. They also have vitamin supplements and soy and Toufu and that kind of thing. Lots of health food in shop there. So if any source health oriented, the co-up is.

M: I¡¯d like to try it just for a month or so. Do they have trial memberships?

W: The shortest membership is one month. Then if you like it you can join for a longer periods. And it becomes cheaper. A six month membership costs as much as 5 individual months.

M: Sounds pretty easy. May be the next time I run into you again it will be in the checkout line in the co-up.

Passage two

When you have a dog it is necessary to care for it very carefully in return you will be loved by your dog as a kind monarch is loved by his people.

The most important part of dog-care is cleanliness. Nor only does the dog have to keep clean, but his environment should also be clean. The bad he sleeps in can be made with anything like a rug or a dog mattress.

Proper feeding is also important to your dog¡¯s health. Heavy aluminum feeding pans are best since they cannot chip or break. A dog should be fed in the same place and on a regular schedule. During feeding time it should be quite. If your dog refuses to eat, don¡¯t force him. Remove his food and don¡¯t feed him again until his next regular feeding.

Food should never be left before a dog for more than thirty minutes under any circumstances. If he does eat over a long period of time, your dog should be taken to a veterinarian. Another important thing is to keep fresh water available to the dog during hot weather.

One important thing that many dog owners forget is exercise for their dog. Vigorous exercise helps build strength and keeps the dog healthy. Without it the dog¡¯s development is impeded. A regular walk at a fixed time of the day is enough to help a small dog live a healthier and happier life. Large dogs, though, require a run in an open field.

There are other things that are also important for a dog¡¯s health-things like bathing, care of the teeth and nails, keeping them away from insects as mush as possible. It¡¯s also necessary to provide special care while traveling. But if you observe the three main points covered above, your dog will give you a great amount of pleasure.

Passage three

In 1908 Lord Northeliffe offered a prize of $1,600 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19^th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the ¡®Antoinette IV¡¯. He had traveled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea. The ¡®Antoinette¡¯ floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.

Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called ¡®No. XI¡¯. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-sic miles. Latham, however, did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new ¡®Antoinette¡¯. It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25^th, but Latham failed to get up early enough. After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time. -end-